A Pap smear, or Pap test, is a routine screening procedure designed to detect abnormal cervical cells and is typically performed every three years as part of women's preventive healthcare. During the test, a healthcare provider collects cells from the cervix using a small brush or spatula, which are then sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope. The primary purpose of a Pap smear is to identify changes in cervical cells that may indicate precancerous or cancerous conditions, allowing for early intervention and treatment to prevent cervical cancer.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines, cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21, regardless of sexual activity. Women younger than 30 can be tested every two years, while those over 30 with three consecutive normal Pap tests may be screened every three years. High-risk individuals may require more frequent screenings. Women aged 65 to 70 with a history of normal Pap tests may choose to discontinue screening, while those who have had a total hysterectomy do not need cervical cancer screening unless they have a history of cervical cancer or pre-cancer. Regular Pap smears, combined with pelvic exams, are essential for maintaining reproductive health.