A urine pregnancy test detects pregnancy by identifying the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a woman’s urine, which is produced by the placenta after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. To perform the test, a urine sample is applied to a device containing antibodies specific to hCG, with a positive result indicated by a color change or symbol, signifying that hCG is present and pregnancy is likely. A negative result, showing no change, suggests hCG is not detected, indicating that pregnancy is unlikely, though it may also occur if the test is taken too early or not performed correctly.

For the most accurate result, it’s best to take the test after a missed period; some tests can be used a few days prior, but they may be less reliable. For higher accuracy, it is recommended to use the first morning urine, as it is usually more concentrated and contains higher levels of hCG. Results are typically available within a few minutes, making this test a convenient option for early pregnancy detection.